KALYANSIR.COM
ü
We are dealing
with the circumstances and demands that led to the formation of Constituent
assembly and the preparation of the Indian constitution.
ü
Read in sequence. (This is a very important suggestion from me, please
follow this).
ü
Remember years.
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Then read related points – Good Luck
Yours
KALYAN SIR
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Years:
1922 – Mahatma Gandhi’s demand
1928 –
Nehru Report
1934 –
M N Roy demand for Constituent Assembly
1939 – World War II
1940 –
August offer
1942 - Cripps Mission
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1942 -
Quit India Movement
1945 -
World War II (came to end)
1945 -
Simla Conference
1946 -
Cabinet Mission Plan
1946 -
Constituent Assembly (Formation and first meeting)
1947 -
Lord Mountbatten replaced Lord Wavell as Viceroy of India
1947 -
June 3rd plan or Mountbatten Plan
1947 -
Indian Independence Act was passed in the British parliament
1947 -
Partition
1947 -
Independence to Indian and Pakistan
1948 -
Draft of Indian Constitution introduced
1949 -
Constitution was adopted
1950 - Constitution came into force
1950 - Constitution came into force
Now start reading:
ü 1922 - Mahatma Gandhi put forward the
demand that India’s political destiny should be determined by the Indians
themselves.
ü May 17, 1927 - At Bombay session
Motilal Nehru moved a resolution calling up on the Congress working committee
to frame a Constitution for India.
ü May 19, 1928 – In all party
conference a committee was set up under the Chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to
determine the principles of the Constitution of India.
ü Report was submitted on August 10,
1928 and was called Nehru Report.
ü This was the 1st attempt
by Indians to frame a full-fledged Constitution for India.
ü MN Roy in the year 1934 put forward
the idea of Constituent Assembly for India for the first time.
ü In the year 1935, the Indian National
Congress for the first time officially demanded for the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
ü August offer: The demand for the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
was for the first time and authoritatively conceded by the British Government in
the year 1940
through August
Offer.
ü 1940 - The coalition government in
England recognized the principle that the Indians should themselves frame a new
Constitution.
ü 1942: Cripps mission: Sir Stafford
Cripps(Cabinet Minister) came to India with a proposal of framing of
Independent Constitution of India to be adopted after World War II provided
that the 2 major political parties INC and the Muslim League could come to an
agreement.
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ü The Muslim League rejected the same
on the demand that India to be divided into 2 autonomous states on communal
lines with 2 separate CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLYs.
ü Hence political parties could not
come to an agreement.
ü This was followed by Quit India Movement
in August 1942.
ü After the World War II, the new labor
party government came to the power in England.
ü Simla Conference was held in the year
1945 at the instance of viceroy, Lord Wavell.
SIMLA CONFERENCE:
ü
The Simla
Conference of 1945 was arranged by Lord Archibald Wavell and the major
political parties in India.
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This was
convened to agree up on the Wavell plan for Indian self Government to provide
separate representation to Muslims.
ü
The talks failed
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ü 1946 - Cabinet Mission plan (Lord Pethick Lawrence,
Sir Stafford Cripps and A V Alexander ) was sent on March 24, 1946 to India
with a proposal of CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
ü Note: Remember the names of the members in the Cabinet Mission
plan.
ü The delegation rejected the claim for
a separate Constituent Assembly and a separate state for Muslims.
ü The CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY was
constituted in November, 1946 with 389 members. (296 British India and 93 were
from princely states).
ü (Please remember that the Constituent Assembly members were
both elected (indirectly) and nominated).
ü Out of 296 INC won 208 including all general seats
except 9, Muslim League 73, others and independent
members 15. Princely states initially decided to stay away from the CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY.
Congress - 208
Muslim League - 73
Unionist - 1
Unionist Muslim - 1
Unionist Scheduled Castes - 1
Krishak Praja - 1
Scheduled Castes Praja - 1
Sikh (non-congress) - 1
Communist - 1
Independents - 8
ü Kindly Note: (Except Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammed Ali
Jinnah all prominent persons were members in CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY.
ü The first meeting of the CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY took place on December 9, 1946.
ü Muslim League boycotted the meeting
and insisted on separate state Pakistan.
ü Meeting was attended by 211 members
only.
ü Dr.Sachchidanand Sinha - interim President of CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY.
ü December 11, 1946 - Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the
President of the Constituent Assembly.
ü H C Mukherjee - Vice President of the CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY.
ü B N Rau - Constitutional advisor.
ü December 13, 1946 - “Objectives
Resolution” was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru.
ü The “Objective resolution” was adopted on
January 22, 1947. (Who moved it? What are the dates? Important
for the examination point of view).
ü Preamble was the modified version of the Objectives Resolution. (Hence very important).
ü Lord Mountbatten was sent to India as
the Governor-General replacing Lord Wavell.
ü Lord Mountbatten came out with a plan.
ü This plan was given a formal shape by
a statement made by British Government on June 3, 1947.
ü This plan is known as Mountbatten
plan or June 3 plan.
ü On July 26, 1947 Lord Mountbatten
announced the establishment of a separate Constituent Assembly for Pakistan.
ü The Indian Independence bill was
introduced in the British Parliament on July 4, 1947.
ü The India Independence Act came into
force from July 18, 1947.
ü The Indian Independence Act of 1947 provided
that from August 15, 1947 would be set up two independent dominions India and
Pakistan.
ü The Constituent Assembly reassembled
on August 14, 1947 as the Sovereign Constituent Assembly for the Dominion of
India.
ü The members of the Pakistan area in
the Constituent Assembly are ceased to be the members.
ü When the Constituent Assembly
reassembled on October 31, 1947 the membership was reduced to 299.
ü With Indian Independence Act of 1947,
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY became the sovereign body. (India became sovereign on January 26, 1950)
ü Note: What is sovereign? we discuss in
‘Preamble’.
ü The CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY became the first parliament
of free India.
ü The first speaker - G V Mavalankar.
ü CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY adopted the
· National Flag on July 22, 1947.
· Constitution on November 26, 1949.
· National Anthem on January 24, 1950.
· National Song on January 24, 1950.
ü Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the
first
President of India on January 24, 1950.
ü January 24, 1950 was the last session
of the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
ü The Constituent Assembly continued as
the provisional Parliament of India from January 26, 1950 to till the
completion of first ever general elections in India. (1951-52)
ü Note: All the above dates are very important.
ü There were 22 committees constituted in the CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY
ü 22 committees: 10 committees -procedural
affairs and remaining 12 Committees were on Sustentative (Sustentative or
Considerable) Affairs.
ü Steering Committee chairman - K M
Munshi.
ü The Rules of procedure committee chairman
- Dr Rajendra Prasad.
ü Drafting committee chairman - Dr. B R
Ambedkar.
ü Union powers Committee chairman - Jawaharlal
Nehru.
ü Committee on Union Constitution Chairman
- Jawaharlal Nehru.
ü Provincial Constitution Committee
chairman - Sardar Patel.
ü Committee of Fundamental Rights and
Minorities head- Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
ü The draft was prepared by B N Rau (Advisor
to the Constituent Assembly).
ü Drafting committee was set up on
August 29, 1947 (Very Important).
ü The Chairman of Drafting Committee - Dr.
B R Ambedkar.
ü The final draft was introduced in the
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY by Dr B R Ambedkar on November 4, 1948 (1st
reading).
ü The 3rd reading was completed
on November 26, 1949.
ü The draft Constitution was declared adopted
on November 26, 1949.
ü The President and the members of the
Constituent Assembly signed it.
ü Note: Please remember this date is mentioned in the Preamble.
ü The original Constitution contained 8
schedules and 395 Articles.
ü Preamble was enacted after the
enactment of the Constitution.
ü (Remember “Preamble” was the last to be adopted and
enacted).
Dr BR Ambedkar - The
Father of the Constitution of India
(Note: DR B.R Ambedkar was the first Law Minister of the Nation
from August 15, 1947 to January 26, 1950).
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ü Constitution came into force on
January 26, 1950.
ü Since then January 26, 1950 is
celebrated as the Republic day.
ü In all it took 2 years 11 months and
18 days for the Constitution to get completed.
ü The Provisional Parliament ceased to
exist on April 17, 1952. The first elected Parliament (2 houses) came into
being in May, 1952.
ü The provisions related to
Citizenship, elections, provincial Parliament, temporary and transitional
provisions were given immediate effect. (November 26, 1949).
ü The rest of the Constitution came
into force on January 26, 1950.