KALYANSIR.NET
ü In
India about 64 per cent of labor force depends upon agriculture.
ü Indian
agriculture is a largely subsistence type.
ü The
subsistence type of agriculture implies that the farmer grows crops for his
household necessities and there is no surplus output which is marketable.
ü The
pressure of population on the land is so enormous that larger part of the
production is consumed.
RICE:
ü This is a Kharif crop.
ü This is sown in May-June and
harvested in Sept–Oct.
ü The
rice contributes 45 percent of the total area.
ü The
rice contributes 44 percent of the total production in India.
ü The
cultivation of rice is most common in UP, MP, interior Maharashtra, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.
ü The
winter (Rabi) Rice is sown in June-July and harvested in Nov-Dec.
ü This
contributes 50 percent of total area and 48.7% of the total production.
WHEAT (TRITICUM VULGARE)
ü This
is a common crop in the alluvial soils of Indo-Gangatic plains.
ü The
major part of Indian wheat is common bread wheat.
ü Emmer (Triticum Dicocum) wheat
is produced in Karnataka, T.N, and Maharashtra.
ü Indian dwarf wheat
is produced in limited areas of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
JUTE:
ü Raw
jute comprises jute and mesta fibers.
ü Jute
fiber is obtained from Corchorus
Capsularis L (white jute) and Corchorus
Capsularis L (Tossa Jute).
ü Mesta
fiber is obtained from Hibiscus
Sabdariffa Varaltissima and H.Connabinus L.
TOBACCO:
ü The
states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Gujarat are the major tobacco
producing states.
ü Cigarette
tobacco is grown in deep black, non-irrigated soil.
ü A
large quantity of cigarette tobacco is exported from Kakinada port.
ü Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Karnataka are the major Beedi Tobacco producing state.
ü Beedi
tobacco is raised as Kharif crop.
ü Hooka
Tobacco is produced mainly in Bihar and Punjab.
SUGARCANE:
ü South
India has advantage in sugarcane as it reflects the best suited tropical
conditions and a longer period of crushing almost twice over the north.
ü Cost
of manufacturing sugar in India is high due low yield and short crushing period
as in North Indian plains.
ü Its
cultivation in South India is confined to those areas where irrigation is
available.
TEA:
ü Assam
tea is grown on flat and alluvial bands on either side of the Brahmaputra river
and in the region south of Assam hills like in Cachar.
ü In
West Bengal the tea is cultivated in Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri.
ü Darjeeling
tea has good flavor and so fetches high price.
ü In
South India Annamalai Hills, Hassan and Chikmangalur districts of Karnataka,
Kottoyam, Quilon and Trivandrum districts of Kerala are the major tea producing
areas.
ü Dehradun
district of Uttaranchal & Dharmasala in Kangra districts of Himachal
Pradesh also produces some amount of tea.
MANGO:
ü Important
varieties of mangos are Alphanso of Maharashtra, Banganapalli of Andhra,
Dashehari and Langra of Uttar Pradesh, Malda of West Bengal.
ü Largest
acreage of mango is in Uttar Pradesh.
ü Other
important mango producing regions are Bihar (second largest producer) Andhra
Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and coastal Maharashtra.
GRAPES:
ü Anab-e-Shahi,
is the well-known Indian variety of grapes and its productivity is highest in
India.
ü Main
grapes producing areas of India are Coorg district of Karnataka, Wynad in
Kerala; Nilgiri in Tamil Nadu, Khasi, Jantiya and Lushai hills in Meghalaya;
Pune, Nasik, Sholapur, Songli, Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra; Himachal
Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.
Green Revolution:
ü The
invention of dwarf variety of wheat by Norman Borlaug of Mexico and its
introduction in 1963 in India augmented a new era of agricultural revolution.
ü Later
this was termed as green revolution.
ü In
India it started after 1968.
ü The
green revolution aimed at disseminating technical knowhow, credit &
agricultural technology to step up agricultural production in selected seven
districts namely Shahebad (Bihar), Tanjavur (Tamil Nadu), Aligarh (Uttar
Pradesh), West Godavari (Andhra Pradesh), Ludhiyana (Punjab), Rajpur (Madhya
Pradesh) and Pali (Rajasthan)
MAJOR HIGH YIELD VARIETIES (HYV):
ü Rice: Raichung
Native 1, 1R-8 Ratna, Jaya, Sabarmati, Jamuna, Pankaj, Jagannath, IR-20,
ü Wheat: Lerma-Rojo, PV-18, Sonora-64, Sonalika, Kalyan-Sona,
Chhoti-larma, HD-2285, WL-711,HD-2009, DWL-5023, PDW-215, CDW.
ü Maize: Ganga, Ranjeet, Himalaya-123, Jawahar, Sona, Vikram,
Vijay, Sartaj, Deccan-705 Deccan-108, Trishulata, Prabhat, Novjot, Arun, Kiran,
Suwan.
ü Cotton: Shankar-4, Shankar-6, MCU-5,LRA,MECH, DCH-32, Surin,
Hybrid-4&6.
ü Jute: Nonsoong,
Bz2 Bz22 Kenaf C-108, Everglade-71, CPI-07891, PI-468409,TRC-212, JRC-321,
JRC-7447, JRC-4444, Padma, JRO-632 & 878.
ü Sugarcane: Co-205, Co-290, Co-312, Co-313, Co-527, BO-10, BO-11, COJ-64,
Co-7717.
ü Rubber: Rill-105
ü Coffee: Old Chicks, Coorgs, Kents, S-228, S-795.
ü Cashew nut: Jhargram-1, Bhubaneswar-1, BPP-4, BPP-6, Vengurla 1&4,
VRI-1&2, Ullal-1&2 Selection-1&2, K-22-1, Madakkathara 1 and 2.
ü Sorghum: CSH1, CSH-5, CSH 9, CS10, CSH 11, Swarna.
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTES:
ü Indian
Council of Agriculture.......................................................... New
Delhi
ü Dairy
Research Institute........................................................ Karnal
(Haryana)
ü Indian
Botnical Survey................................................. Kolkata
(West Bengal)
ü Jute
Research Institute............................................... Bairakpur
(West Bengal)
ü Goat
Research Institute.............................................. Mathura
(Uttar Pradesh)
ü Sugarcane
Research Institute.................................. Luck
now (Uttar Pradesh)
ü Bee
Research Institute....................................................... Pune
(Maharashtra)
ü Cotton
Research Institute............................................. Mumbai
(Maharashtra)
ü Poultry
Training Institute.............................................. Bangalore
(Karnataka)
ü Silk
Research Institute....................................................... Mysore
(Karnataka)
ü Coffee
Research Institute.....................................
Chickmanglur (Karnataka)
ü Leather
Research Institute ............................................ Chennai
(Tamil Nadu)
ü Potato
Research Institute......................................
Shimla (Himachal Pradesh)
ü Tea
Research Institute............................................................... Jorhat
(Assam)
ü Rubber
Research Institute.................................................... Kottayam(Kerala)
ü Tobacco
Research Institute...........................
Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh)
ü Rice
Research Institute ............................................................ Cuttak
(Orissa)
ü International
Centre for Plantation............................... Bangalore
(Karnataka)
ü National
Research Institute for Spices..................................... Calicut
(Kerala)
ü Indian
Dairy Corporation........................................................ Anand
(Gujarat)
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
ü India
has the largest number of cattle in the world.
ü In
1998-99, India account for about 20% of the world's total number of cattle and over
43 per cent of the total livestock population of India.
Milch Breeds:
ü Gir,
Sindhi, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Tharpakar and Deoni are some of the outstanding
breeds of milch cattle.
ü The
Gir is a native of Saurashtra.
 |
| GIR |
ü Sindhi
breed is mainly raised in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra.
 |
| SINDHI |
ü Red
Sindhi hails from Sind region of Pakistan.
ü Sahiwal
breed has its origin in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi.
ü The
Deoni breed is widely in north western and western parts of Andhra Pradesh.
Drought Breeds:
ü Nagori
Bauchaur, Kankatha, Malvi, Kherigarh, Hallikar, Khillari, Amritmahal, Kanhaya,
Ponwar, Bargur and Siri are some of the famous drought breeds.
ü Bagori
breed is a native of Jodhpur and is found in large parts of Rajsthan, Haryana,
Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
ü The
Bauchaur breed is mainly found in Bihar.
ü The
Malvi is largely concentrated in the dry western parts of Madhya Pradesh.
ü The
Kenkatha or Kenwariya breed hails from Banda district of Uttar Pradesh.
ü Siri
breed grows well in the hilly areas of Darjeeling and Sikkim.
Dual Purpose Breeds:
ü Cattle
of these breeds are used both for milk and drought purpose.
ü The
cows are fairly good yielders of milk while bullocks are good for drought.
ü Tharparkar,
Haryan, Mewati, Kankrej, Rath, Nimari, Dangi, Goalao, Krishna Valley and Ongole
and important breeds of this category.
ü The
Tharparkar breed hails from the Sind province of Pakistan and is found in large
parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Exotic Breeds:
ü Some
of the high milk yields of exotic breeds have been developed in India.
ü Some
foreign breeds and new breeds called cross breed have been developed.
ü Some
of the important exotic breeds are Jersey, Holstein, Friesian, Swiss-Brown,
Guernsey, German Feleckvich and Ayres hire.
BUFFALOES:
ü India's
buffalo population was 83.5 million in 1992.
ü This
is about 50% the buffaloes of the world.
ü The
Murrah, Bhadawari, Jaffarabadi, Surti, Meshana, Nagpuri and Nili Ravi are among
the important breeds.
SHEEP:
ü Indian
sheep population stands in the world after Australia, Russia, China, Argentina
and New Zealand.
ü Most
of the Indian sheep are of poor quality yielding inferior wool in less
quantity.
GOATS:
ü Goat
is called the poor man's cow because it can be cheaply reared on meager grass
of poor quality.
ü It
is the major supplier of mutton along with milk, hair and skins.
ü The
Himayala or Angora goat which is also known as the Chamba, Gaddi, Chegu or
Kashmiri breeed is reared in Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.
ü The
Pashmina reared in Kashmir and Kulu valley is world renowned for its pashmina
fur known as Mohair.
ü Among
the other breeds are the Beetal of Punjab, of the Marwari, Mehsana, Kathiwar
and Zalwadi of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh and the Barari, Surti and
Deccani of the Peninsular India.
ü Some
important foreign breeds Alpine, Nubain, Saanen, Toggenberg and Angora.