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CLIMATE:
ü The
Indian climate can be described as the tropical monsoon type.
ü The
monsoon climate is characterized by seasonal reversal of wind direction
associated with alternating periods of rainfall and drought.
ü The
Indian climate is greatly influenced by the presence of the Himalayas in the
North and the Indian Ocean in the South.
ü The
Tropic of Cancer divides India into two almost equal climatic zones.
ü The
Southern tropical climatic zone of India is warmer than the north and does not
have a clear - cut winter season.
SEASONS:
ü The
seasons can be classified into four groups.
ü Cold
dry season (from December to February)
ü The
hot weather season (from March to May)
ü The
South-West monsoon season (from June to September)
SOUTH WEST MONSOON |
ü The
retreating South - West monsoon season (from October and November).
COLD DRY SEASONS OR NORTH -
EAST MONSOON SEASON:
ü During
the cold dry season, the mean temperature is about 240C to 250C in southern
India and about 100C to 150C in the plains of the North.
ü January
is the coldest month.
ü The
North-East monsoons rain only in coastal Tamil Nadu where the winds become
moist after absorbing humidity from the Bay of Bengal.
NORTH EAST MONSOON |
ü Eastward
bound cyclones from the Mediterranean Sea may bring scanty rainfall in the
North - Western parts of the Ganga plain.
ü There
are only two regions which receive rainfall in the winter season in India. The
north western part of the Great Plains, and the Coromandel Coast.
HOT WEATHER SEASON:
ü The
north - eastern area, including West Bengal, experiences thunderstorms called
kalbaishaki.
ü Kerala
and the western coastal parts witness pre - monsoon showers.
ü Pre
- monsoon showers are a common phenomenon in Kerala and coastal areas of
Karnataka towards the end of summer.
ü They
are locally known as mango showers since they help in early ripening of
mangoes.
SOUTH - WEST MONSOON:
ü The
south - west monsoon season is the season of general rainfall.
ü In
early June, the winds from the Indian Ocean begin to blow towards the great low
pressure centre in the north - western part of India.
ü These
are the south - west monsoons which blow from June to September.
ü The
Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon is obstructed by the Western Ghats. Heavy
rains occur in the windward side of the Sahyadris.
RETREATING
MONSOON:
ü The
South - West monsoon starts retreating from northern India in early October.
ü Hence,
the months of October and November are known for the retreating monsoons.
ü The
combination of high temperature and humidity gives rise to an oppressive
weather. This is commonly known as ‘October heat’
ü The
low pressure conditions are transferred to the centre of Bay of Bengal by early
November and this shift of the low pressure area is marked by cyclonic
depressions which originate over the Andaman Sea.
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