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INDIAN GEOGRAPHY
ü India
is located on the North of the equator. (Do you remember? we learnt about
Hemispheres while reading World Geography?).
ü Hence
Indian is in the northern hemisphere.
ü India
is lying between 804' N and 370 18' N latitude and 6807' E and 970 25'E longitude
ü The
country is divided into almost equal parts by the Tropic of Cancer (230 30'N).
ü India
also belongs to eastern hemisphere as it lies to the east of the Prime
Meridian.
ü The
820 30' E longitudes are taken as the Standard
Time Meridian of India.
ü India
is the seventh largest country in the world occupying 2.2 per cent of the world
area.
POSITION OF STATES
ü Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim
and Arunachal Pradesh are in the Himalayan Region. The state of Uttarakhand lies partly in the Himalayas and partly in the northern plains.
ü Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu together
make the great peninsular plateau.
ü Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur,
Mizoram, Tripural and Meghalaya are the Indian provinces made up of hills in
the north - east India.
ü Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka,
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal are states on the
coast of India. Among our Union Territories, Daman and Pondicherry boundaries
have sea boundaries.
ü The Indian states on international boundaries (other country/countries within
brackets) are : Gujarat (Pakistan), Rajasthan (Pakistan), Punjab (Pakistan),
Jammu and Kashmir (China and Pakistan),
Himachal Pradesh (China), Bihar (Nepal), Uttaranchal (China and Nepal), Uttar
Pradesh (Nepal), West Bengal (Bhutan and
Bangladesh), Sikkim (China, Bhutan and Nepal), Arunachal Pradesh (Bhutan, China
and Myanmar), Nagaland (Myanmar),
Manipur (Myanmar), Mizoram (Bangladesh and Myanmar), Meghalaya (Bangladesh),
Tripura (Bangladesh), and Assam (Bhutan,
Bangladesh and Myanmar).
ü The states of Haryana, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand are the only land – locked states. They are not on
an international border either.
INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
ü The
India is bounded in three directions by
ü The
Arabian Sea on the West
ü The
Indian Ocean on the South
ü The
Bay of Bengal on the East
ü In
the North and east India is bounded by the the mighty Himalayas and its
offshoots form the international boundary of the country.
ü India
shares its land frontiers with many countries such as
v Pakistan
v Afghanistan
v China
v Nepal
v Bhutan
v Myanmar
v Bangladesh.
ü The
nearest neighbour of India across the sea is Sri Lanka.
ü The
Sri Lanka and India are separated by the narrow Palk Strait.
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| PALK STRAIT |
ü Maldives
Island is another neighbour situated to the south of Lakshadweep islands.
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| MALDIVES |
ü Myanmar
is India’s immediate neighbour across the Purvanchal Hills and the Bay of
Bengal. Other neighbours on these frontiers include Malaysia, Indonesia,
Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. To the west are Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq
and the Arabian countries.
ü Egypt,
Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya and Tanzania are our neighbours across the
ocean.
ü Five
countries of Asia – China, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India - meet
at the apex of the North Indian Triangle.
ü At
the easternmost point of the Indian border is the north eastern tri–junction,
where India, China and Myanmar meet.
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