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RAINFALL PATTERN AND DISTRIBUTION

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AREAS OF MODERATE RAINFALL

ü  A rainfall is considered to be moderate if it is between 100 cm and 200 cm.

ü  The states like Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh, and eastern parts of Tamil Nadu experience a moderate rainfall.


AREAS OF LOW RAINFALL

ü  A rainfall is considered to be low if it is between 50 cm and 100 cm.

ü  Some areas like Deccan Plateau, Western Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, eastern Rajasthan, and parts of Kashmir receive low rainfall.



AREAS OF SCANTY RAINFALL:


These are the areas with a record of less than 50 cm.

Some areas like Western Rajasthan, Kutch and Saurashtra coast, and north - east Kashmir receive a very scanty rainfall.



CYCLONE:
       
ü  A cyclone is an area of low atmospheric pressure.

ü  It is a storm system of great intensity in which winds spiral inwards at great speeds towards the centre of the system.

ü  The pressure is lowest at the centre.

ü  This closed air circulation is caused by atmospheric disturbances over and above the earth’s surface, coupled with the earth’s rotation which imparts a whirling motion to these disturbances.

ü  The Cyclones are associated with destructive and violent disturbances, such as heavy squalls and torrential rainfall.

ü  Winds in a cyclone in the northern hemisphere spiral inwards in an anti - clockwise direction.

ü  The Winds in a cyclone in the southern hemisphere move in a clockwise direction.

ü  Temperate Cyclones are also known as extra - tropical or wave cyclones.

ü  Temperate cyclones are active over mid - latitudinal region between 350 and 650 latitude in both hemispheres.


   THE MAJOR AREAS THAT ARE AFFECTED BY CYCLONES ARE:

·       The South - East Carribean region. Here the cyclones are called hurricanes.

·       Philippines islands, eastern China and Japan. Here the cyclones are called typhoons.

·       Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. Here they are called cyclones.

·       Around South - East African coast, Madagascar and Mauritius island.

·       North - West Australia
  

ü  The frequency, intensity and coastal impact of cyclones vary from region to region.

ü  Cyclones are deadliest when they cross the coast bordering North Bay of Bengal (coastal areas of Orissa, West Bengal and Bangladesh).

ü  This is mainly due to storm surges (tidal waves) that occur in this region inundating the coastal areas.

ü  Tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal are more frequent than in the Arabian Sea.

ü  There could be three reasons for this:

ü  Waters in the Bay of Bengal are comparatively shallow.

ü  The coastline along the Bay of Bengal is more complicated.
 ü  More number of rivers drains into the Bay of      Bengal than into the Arabian Sea.


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