WORLD MOUNTAINS

KALYANSIR.NET

WORLD MOUNTAINS:

ü  The study of Mountains is called Orography.

ü  A Mountain is a large land form.

ü  It stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area.

ü  Mount Everest is the highest Mountain (8848 met) on the Earth.

MOUNT EVEREST

ü  Olympus Mons on the planet Mars is the highest (21,171 met) known mountain in the solar system.

ü  The Mountain reaches the colder layers of the atmosphere.

ü  The peak shape is produced because of the continuous erosion.

ü  The mountains are divided into 5 major types.

·        Fold Mountains

·        Fault Block Mountains

·        Volcanic Mountains

·        Dome Mountains

·        Plateau Mountains

FOLD MOUNTAINS:

ü  These are the most common type of mountains.

ü  These types of Mountains are formed because of the collision of the plates.

ü  There are many folders in the mountains.

ü  These folders break down under pressure.

ü  These folds are called Nappe.

ü  These are again divided into

v  Old Fold Mountains

v  New or Young Fold Mountains

OLD FOLD MOUNTAINS:

ü  These mountains are folded in very ancient times.

ü  These include Caledonian and Hercynian mountains of central Europe, the highlands of Scotland.

YOUNG FOLD MOUNTAINS:

ü  These are the complex folding of the rocks.

ü  The Himalayan Mountains are the youngest fold mountains the World.

ü  Alps Mountains are the other examples of the Young Fold Mountains.

BLOCK MOUNTAINS:

ü  These are formed when blocks of rock material slide along faults in the earth’s crust.

ü  These are either lifted or tilted.

ü  Lifted mountains have two steep sides.

ü  Tilted mountains have one steep side.

ü  Vindhya and Satpura Mountains in India are the examples of Block Mountains.

VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS:

ü  These are formed due to volcanic eruptions.

ü  The Magma comes on to the surface of the earth and piles up.

ü  Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Pinatubo in Philippines are the examples of volcanic mountains.

DOME MOUNTAINS:

ü  These are called Dome Mountains because of their shape.

ü  In this case the Magma is not erupted.

ü  The magma cools down and forms the core of the mountain.

ü  Navajo Mountain in USA is an example for Dome Mountains.

PLATEAU MOUNTAINS:

These are also called Pseudo Mountains.

They are formed because of the erosion.

Catskill Mountain in USA is an example for the 

plateau Mountains.

KALYANSIR.NET