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ü Parliament
means Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and the President.
|
ü The
first lok
sabha was constituted in May 1952.
ü Mavalankar
was the first
speaker of the Lok Sabha
ü M
Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first deputy speaker of Lok sabha.
ü The
Lok Sabha is also called lower house or House of people.
ü The
Rajya Sabha is also called Upper House or Council of states.
ü State
Legislature means Legislative Assembly, Legislative
Council and the Governor.
ü Indira
Gandhi was the first Prime Minster to get defeated in the elections. She was
defeated in the 1977 election by Janata Party candidate Raj Narain.
ü The
strength of Supreme Court is 31 including the Chief Justice of India.
ü All
are Judges of Supreme Court are appointed by the President.
ü The
Supreme Court judges retire at the age of 65.
ü The
judges of Supreme Court submit the resignation to the President.
ü High Court judges are appointed by the
President.
ü High
Court judges retire at the age of 62.
ü High
Court judges submit resignation to the President.
ü The
District Court judges are appointed by the Governor.
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ü SALARIES:
v President – Rs. 1, 50,000/-
v Vice President- Rs. 1, 25,000/-.
v Governor – Rs. 1, 10,000/-.
v Chief Justice of India (CJI) - Rs. 1,00,000/-
v Other Judges of SC- Rs. 90,000/-
v Chief Justice of High Court – Rs. 90,000/-
v Other judges of High Court – Rs. 80,000/-
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ü In
the absence of the President the Vice President acts as the President.
ü In
the absence of the both the President and the Vice President the CJI acts as
the President.
ü Justice
Mohammad Hidayatullah was the only CJI (Chief Justice of
India) who acted as the President. It happened in the year 1969 after the death
of the incumbent President Zakir Hussain and the Vice President V.V. Giri
submitted the resignation.
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MINIMUM AGE FOR CONTESTING ELECTIONS:
ü President, Vice President, Governor 35 years.
ü Rajya sabha and Legislative councils
30
years.
ü Lok
sabha and Assemblies 25 YEARS.
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ü Parliament
is SUMMONED AND PROROGUED by
the President.
ü Lok
sabha is dissolved
by the President.
ü Rajya
Sabha is a permanent
house that cannot be dissolved.
ü The
term
of the President and the Vice President is 5 years. They can be reelected.
ü Governor
holds office during
the pleasure of the President. Governor can be reappointed.
ü President
submits
resignation letter to the Vice president and the Vice President
submits to the President.
ü Governor
submits the resignation
to the President.
ü Attorney-General
is the first
law officer of the country.
ü The
Attorney-General cannot vote but has right to speak
and take part in the proceedings of both the houses of the Parliament without
being a member
ü The Advocate-General
is the first law officer of the state.
ü The
Advocate-General cannot vote but has the right to speak and take part in the
proceeding of both the houses of the state legislature without being a member.
ü Jammu
and Kashmir is the only state in India which has a separate Constitution that
came into force in 1957.
ü Article 370
of Indian Constitution provides a special status for Jammu and Kashmir.
ü The
Joint Session
of the Parliament is mentioned under article 108 of the Indian Constitution.
ü The
Joint session of the Parliament is summoned by the President.
ü The
Joint session of the parliament is presided over by the Speaker.
ü 369 parties
contested in 15th Lok Sabha elections of 2009.
ü
Article 243D of the Constitution
provides that a minimum of one-third of the total number of
seats filled by direct elections in Panchayat Raj shall be reserved for
women. The 110th constitution amendment bill is meant for increasing
the reservation for women in Panchayati Raj from the existing 1/3rd
to 50 percent is pending in the Parliament.
ü
Article 243T of the Constitution
provides that a minimum of one-third of the total number of
seats filled by direct elections in every Municipality shall be reserved for women. The 112th constitution amendment
bill is meant for increasing the reservation for women in municipalities from
the existing 1/3rd to 50 percent is pending in the Parliament.
ü 108th
constitution amendment bill – This is meant for providing 33 percent of reservation
for women in Lok Sabhaand state legislative assemblies. This was introduced in
Rajya Sabha and passed.
ü 109th
Constitution amendment – This provided for the extension of reservation for
SC’s, ST’s and Anglo-Indians in the Parliament and state legislatures up to the
year 2020.
ü 111th
Constitution amendment – This provided constitutional status to cooperative
societies.
ü RTI
(Right to Information) Act came into force on June 15, 2005.
ü RTE
(Right to Education) Act came into force on April 1, 2010.
ü PIL
– Public Interest Litigation
ü The
concept of PIL (Public interest Litigation) was first started in USA.
ü In
India Public Interest Litigation was introduced in the year 1985. At that time P N Bhagawati
was the CJI.
ü Residuary
powers are vested with the central government.
ü Residuary powers are borrowed from Canada.
ü Article 134 A of the Constitution – Grant of Certificate for the appeal to the
Higher court.
ü
Article 143 of the Constitution –
President can seek the advice from the Supreme Court
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ü Rajya
Sabha members are elected by elected MLA's (Members of the State
Legislative Assembly)
ü Finance
Commission recommends about the grants-in-aid to
be given to the states.
ü
Article 84
(a) of the Indian
Constitution says that only the citizens of Indian are eligible to contest in
the Parliament elections.
ü
Article 173
(a) of the Indian
Constitution says that only the citizens of India are eligible to contest in
the state Assembly elections.
ü
In
any election if a defeated candidate fails to secure more than 1/6th
of the valid polled votes in the constituency will lose the security deposit.
ü
There
is no
maximum limitation of number of candidates to contest in the election.
ü
If
only person is contesting the elections then the election commission declares
that person as unanimously elected and no election is
conducted.
ü
From
Modakurichi (Tamil Nadu) Assembly constituency 1033 candidates contested in the
year 1996. This is the maximum number so far.
ü
The
election
expenditure means the expenditure incurred by a candidate
between the date of nomination and the date of announcement of the results.
ü
The
election expenditure details must be submitted to the Election Commission
within 30
days from the date of announcement of the results.
ü CIC
(Central Information Commissioner) is appointed by the President.
ü State
Information Commissioner is appointed by the Governor
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ü The
word “Budget” is not mentioned in the constitution.
ü Annual
Financial Statement (Budget) is mentioned in Article
112.
ü First
Municipal Corporation in India was set up in Madras in the year 1687.
ü Lord
Rippon considered as the Father of Local self Government in India.
ü The
Anti-defection
law was first enacted in West Bengal in the year 1979.
ü In
Berubari
Union case of 1960 Supreme Court opined that Preamble is not a
part of Constitution.
ü In
Keshavananda
Bharati case (1973) and LIC of India case (1995) Supreme Court
held that the Preamble is a part of Constitution (Be
very clear).
ü The
Supreme Court
inquires into the disputes related to the election of the President and Vice President.
The decision of the Supreme Court is final and exclusive.
ü CAG
(Comptroller and Auditor General) of India is considered to be a friend,
philosopher and guide to PAC (Public Accounts Committee).
ü According
to the Article
75(2) of the Indian Constitution the Ministers (including PM)
are individually responsible to the President.
ü Under
Article 75
(3) of the Indian Constitution the Council of Ministers are
collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
ü Portfolio
system introduced in India through the Indian Councils Act of 1861.
ü Dyarchy
was first introduced in provinces through GOI Act of 1919.
ü GOI
Act of 1935 introduced Dyarchy at center and abolished in provinces.
ü Indian
Federation is based on pattern of Canada.
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