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ü Total number
of vitamins 13. They are vitamins A, B complex (8),
C, D, E and K.
ü Vitamins
A, D, E and K are fat soluble vitamins.
ü Vitamins
B and C are water
soluble.
ü B and C
dissolve in water and are not stored. Hence needed in daily diet.
ü Excess
A, D, E and K are stored in liver. They are not needed every day
in diet.
ü Blood is classified into A, B, AB and O.
ü
The blood group ‘AB’ is Universal acceptor.
ü
The blood group ‘O’ is Universal donor.
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ü The red
colour of the blood is due to the presence of the iron compound called hemoglobin.
ü
Blood consists of
·
RBC (Red Blood Corpuscles - Erythrocytes)
·
WBC (White Blood Corpuscles - Leucocytes)
· Platelets
·
Plasma
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ü ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: Common
cause for memory loss in older people. The nerves in different parts of the
brain die prematurely leading to the deficiency in Acetylcholine. It is a
neurotransmitter that is involved in memory function. This is a progressive
disease. The person loses judgment, orientation, concentration, calculation,
communication skills over a period of time.
ü Vitamin
D is called sunshine
vitamin.
ü Deficiency
of Vitamin A results in night blindness.
ü Deficiency
of Vitamin B1 leads to Beriberi.
ü Deficiency
of Vitamin B2 leads to Ariboflavinosis
ü Deficiency
of Vitamin C causes Scurvy.
ü Deficiency
of vitamin D causes Rickets.
ü Vitamin
K-essential for clotting of blood.
ü Vitamin A
is called – Retional
ü Vitamin B1is
called Thiamine
ü Vitamin B2
is called –Riboflavin
ü Vitamin C
is called - Ascorbic
acid
ü Insulin was
discovered by Fredrick Banting and Charles Best of Canada in the year 1921.
ü Insulin
is a hormone secreted
by the Pancreas that regulates sugar levels in the body.
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ü Carbohydrates are the
compounds consisting of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
ü Enzymes are made up of Proteins.
ü Enzyme is a catalyst. It promotes action
without direct involvement. Substrate is a substance up on which enzyme acts.
ü There
are 23 pairs
of chromosomes and total 46 present in a human body cell.
ü Out of
these 23 pairs one pair determines the sex. This pair is called sex
chromosomes and others are called autosomes.
ü If the pair contains identical chromosomes XX
then the sex is female.
ü If the
pair contains different chromosomes X and Y then the sex is male.
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ü XX - Female
ü XY - Male
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ü Human blood was classified into A, B, AB and O
by K.
Landsteiner.
ü Blood Group “AB” carries no antibody, where as
“O” carries antibody “Anti-A and Anti-B”. A carries antibody “Anti-B” and “B”
group carries “Anti-A”.
ü Deficiency of Iodine causes “goiter”.
ü Goiter is the enlargement of thyroid.
ü Deficiency
of protein leads to Kwashiorkor.
ü Deficiency of iron leads to Anemia.
ü Deficiency of sodium leads to Hyponatremia.
ü Deficiency of calcium leads to Rickets.
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ü Deficiency
of Vitamin A leads to Xerophthalmia /dry eye and Night Blindness.
ü Oxygen
is a product of Photosynthesis that comes from water.
ü Lactic acid is
present in milk.
ü A bacterium
contains only one chromosome.
ü A plant cell is differentiated from animal
cell with the presence of cell wall in plant cell.
ü Mitochondrion
is considered to the power house of a cell.
ü Virus
that infects a bacterium is called bacteriophage.
ü During
photosynthesis plants cool the environment by releasing water through pores or stomata
that present on the surface of leaves.
ü Ethylene
is used for ripening
of fruits.
ü Appendix
also called vermix, located near the junction of large intestine and small
intestine. This
is a vestigial organ (No function).
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ü Smallest
bone in the human body is “stapes”. This is present in the ear.
ü The largest bone in the human body is “Femur”.
This is present in thigh.
ü The skin
is the largest
organ of the human body.
ü The
smallest muscle in the human body is “Stapedius”. This is also present in the ear. This
is attached to Stapes. (The smallest bone).
ü The
biggest skeletal muscle is “Gluteus Maximus”. This is a buttock muscle.
ü The
longest muscle is ‘Sartorius”. This runs from hip to knee.
ü The
strongest muscle is “Masseter”, the chewing muscle.
ü The
muscle with the largest surface area is ‘Latissimus
Dorsi” that covers the middle portion of the back.
ü The
sweat has no odor.
ü There
are 9000
taste buds on the tongue.
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