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GENERAL FACTS ABOUT INDIA:
A
SUGGESTION: The Geography subject will be clearer
to you, if you look at the map. Please read with a map beside you.
ü India is the 10th
industrialized country in the world.
ü India
is the 6th nation in the world to have gone into outer space.
ü India
is the 7th largest country in the World.
ü India
lies entirely in the northern hemisphere. (Do you know what Northern Hemisphere
is?).
ü India
measures 3,214 km from North to South.
ü India
measures 2,933 km from east to west.
ü The
mainland extends between latitudes 8 40 and 37 60 North.
ü The
mainland extends between 68 70 and 97 250 East
longitudes.
ü India’s
land frontier is about 15,200 km.
ü India
has a common boarders with
- North-west: Afghanistan and Pakistan
- North: China, Bhutan and Nepal
- East: Myanmar
- East of West Bengal : Bangladesh
ü India
is separated from Sri Lanka by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk
Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
ü The
plains of the Ganga and the Indus are one of the world’s greatest stretches of
flat alluvium and also one of the most densely populated areas on the earth.
ü Between
Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea lies a narrow coastal strip.
ü Between
Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal there is a broader coastal area.
ü Niligiri
Hills is the point where the eastern and Western Ghats meets.
ü Cardamom
hills lying beyond may be regarded as a continuation of Western Ghats.
ü The
Indus, which is one of the greatest rivers of the world rises near manasarovar
in Tibet and flows through India and thereafter through Pakistan and falls in
Arabian Sea near Kutch.
ü Tributaries
of Indus: The Sutlej, the Beas, the Ravi, The Chenab and the Jhelum.
ü The
Ganga-Brahmaputra_Meghana is another important system of which the principle
sub basins are those of Bhagirathi and Alakanada join at Dev Prayag to form the
Ganga.
ü The
major east flowing rivers are Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Mahanadi, etc.
ü The
west flowing rivers Narmada, Tapti and Mahi.
ü The
climate of India is tropical monsoon type.
ü South-West
monsoon is the summer monsoon and wind blows from sea to land after crossing
Indian ocean, the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal.
ü North-east
monsoon is known as the winter monsoon and wind blows from land to sea.
ü Botanical
survey of India (BSI) headquarters – Kolkata.
ü Zoological
survey of India (ZSI) headquarters Kolkata.
ü The
tiger and lion belong to cat family.
ü The
salt water crocodile is found along eastern coast and in the Andaman and
Nicobar islands.
ü The
first census in India was conducted in the year 1872. It was conducted
non-synchronously in different parts.
ü Since
1881 it was conducted synchronously.
ü The
first census commissioner of India was W W Plowden (1881).
ü 2001
census was undertaken during 9-28 February 2001.
ü The
census moment, the referral time at which the snapshot of the population is
taken was 00.00 hours of March 1, 2001.
ü Until
1991 census, the sunrise of 1 March was taken as the census moment.
ü India
accounts for a meager 2.4 percent of the world’s surface area.
ü India
has 17.5 (2011) percent of World population.
ü The
percent decadal growth of population in the inter-censual period 1991-2001
varies from a low of 9.43 in Kerala to a very high 64.53 in Nagaland.
ü The
population density of India in 2001 was 324 per sq km.
ü West
Bengal is the most thickly populated state with a population density of 903 in
2001.
ü Delhi
is the city with highest population density with 9340.
ü Lowest
population density is in Arunachal Pradesh with 13.
ü Bihar
second and Kerala third.
ü Sex
ration in India 940:1000. (2011 census)
ü Highest
sex ratio is Kerala. 1084:1000. (2011 census)
ü Who is a literate? A person aged
seven and above, who can both read and write any language with understanding is
treated as a literate.
ü In
the census prior to 1991 children below 5 years were necessarily treated as
illiterates.
ü The
literacy rate in the country is 74.04 percent (2011).
ü Kerala retained its position by being on top
with a 93.91 percent literacy rate (2011).
ü Highest male and female literacy state Kerala.
ü Bihar
with a literacy rate of 63.82 (2011) percent ranks last in the country.
ü Lowest
male and female literacy state Bihar.
ü 743
million people in India live in rural areas as per the 2001 census.
ü 286
million people in India live in urban areas.
ü Highly
populated state in India is UP with 199 million (2011) people.
ü Lowest population is in Sikkim with 540,851 people
and constitutes 0.05 percent of the total.
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DO YOU LIKE TO KNOW MORE
FACTS ABOUT THE NATIONAL FLAG, NATIONAL ANTHEM…….?
ü The
ratio of width of the flag to its length is 2 to 3.
ü There
are 3 colors in the National Flag. Saffron at the top, White in the middle
followed by Green at the bottom.
ü In
the middle of the National Flag there is a wheel called Chakra.
ü The
Chakra has 24
spokes.
ü The
design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on
July 22, 1947.
ü The
Flag code of India, 2002, has taken effect from January 26, 2002 and supersedes
the ‘Flag code – India’s as it existed.
ü There
shall be no restriction on the display of the National Flag by the members of
general public private organizations, educational institutions, etc.
ü The
state emblem is an adoption from the saranath Lion capital of Asoka.
ü In
the sate emblem as adopted on January 26, 1950 only 3 lions are visible and the
4th one is hidden.
ü The
wheel appears in the center of the abacus with a bull on the right and a horse
on the left and the outlines of other wheels on extreme right and left.
ü The
words “Satyameva Jayate” were taken from the “Mundaka Upanishad”. It means
“Truth Alone Triumphs” are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script.
ü The
National Anthem Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath
Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version as National Anthem on January 24,
1950.
ü National
Anthem was first sung on December 27, 1911 at the Calcutta session of the INC.
ü The
National song Vande Mataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji,
was a source of inspiration to the people in their struggle for freedom. It has
an equal status with the National Anthem.
ü The
first political occasion when National song, sung was the 1896 session of the
INC.
ü The
National calendar is based on Saka era, with Chaitra as its first month and a
normal year of 365 days was adopted from March 22, 1957 with Gregorian
calendar.
ü National
Animal: The magnificent tiger, (Panthaera Tigris).
ü National
Bird: The Indian peacock, (Pavo Cristatus).
ü National
Flower: Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn).
ü National
Tree: The Banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis).
ü National
Fruit: Mango (Manigifera Indica).
ü National
River: Ganges
SOME
MORE FACTS about INDIA:
ü Area-wise
Rajasthan is the largest state in India.
ü Area-wise
Goa is the smallest state.
ü Area-wise
Andaman & Nicobar Islands is the largest UT.
ü Area-wise
Lakshadweep is the smallest UT.
ü Highest
population is in UP.
ü Lowest
population is in Sikkim.
ü Highest
population Delhi (UT).
ü Lowest
population Lakshadweep (UT).
ü Largest
country is Russia (area wise).
ü India
is the 7th largest country (area wise).
ü Highest
population – China.
ü Population
wise India is the second largest country in the world.
ü Andhra
Pradesh is the first state in India that has been formed on a purely linguistic
basis in 1953 and enlarged in 1956. Andhra state – 1953 and AP in 1956.
ü Highest
number of Assembly seats – UP – 403
ü Highest
number of legislative Council seats – UP – 99.
ü Highest
number of Rajya Sabha seats – UP -31.
ü Highest
number of Lok Sabha seats – UP – 80.
ü Lowest
number of Assembly seats – Sikkim -32.
ü Lowest
number of Legislative Council seats – JK – 36.
ü Lowest
number of Lok Sabha seats – Sikkim – 1.
ü Lowest
number of Rajya Sabha seats – Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura and Goa – 1.
ü The
Legislative Councils are present only in six states. Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Bihar, UP, and J&K.
ü The
Tamil Nadu is the latest state to establish and abolish the Legislative Council.
(Legislative Councils are created / abolished by Parliament only).
ü In
Union Territories Delhi has maximum number of seats in Assembly. (70).
ü Pondicherry
has the lowest number of seats in Assembly. (30).
ü Highest
number of districts present in UP. 75 in number
ü Goa
has only 2 districts.
ü Kutch
in Gujarat is the largest district in India. The area is 45,652 Sq.km.
ü Mahe
in the state of Kerala is the smallest district in India. The area is 9 Sq.km. Mahe
is geographically located in Kerala but administered by Pondicherry.
ü Drass
in Western Ladakh is the coldest place in India. It is also the second coldest
place in the World after Siberia.
ü The
High Court was first established in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras in the year
1862.
ü In
the year 2000 three new High Courts were set up in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and
Uttaranchal.
ü In
the year 2013 three more High Courts have been set up in Meghalaya, Manipur and
Tripura.
ü At
present there are 24 High Courts present in India.
ü N-E
states are called “Seven sisters”. (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya,
Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura).
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